禁用在Woocommerce中编辑特定的管理员自定义字段

Yes it is possible adding the as custom_attributes the readonly property in the field arguments array using:

'custom_attributes' => array('readonly' => 'readonly'),

So your code will be like:

add_action( 'woocommerce_product_options_stock_status', 'display_product_options_inventory_custom_fields', 20 );
function display_product_options_inventory_custom_fields() {
    global $post;

    echo '</div><div class="options_group">'; // New separated section

    // Text field (conditionally readonly)
    woocommerce_wp_text_input( array(
        'id'                => '_text_field_ro',
        'type'        => 'text',
        'label'       => __( 'Read only field', 'woocommerce' ),
        'placeholder' => __( 'placeholder text', 'woocommerce' ),
        'description' => __( 'Custom description: your explanations.', 'woocommerce' ),
        'desc_tip'    => true,
        'custom_attributes' => $readonly, // Enabling read only
    ) );
}

Code goes in function.php file of your active child theme (or active theme). Tested and works.

Update: Adding a checkbox to enable the readonly fields:

add_action( 'woocommerce_product_options_stock_status', 'display_product_options_inventory_custom_fields', 20 );
function display_product_options_inventory_custom_fields() {
    global $post;

    echo '</div><div class="options_group">'; // New separated section

    // Checkbox
    woocommerce_wp_checkbox( array(
        'id'          => '_enable_readonly',
        'label'       => __( 'Enable readonly fields', 'woocommerce' ),
        'description' => __( 'Enable some fields to be readonly', 'woocommerce' ),
        'desc_tip'    => true,
    ));

    // Get the checkbox value
    $checkbox = get_post_meta( $post->ID, '_enable_readonly', true );

    // We set the field attribute "readonly" conditionally based on the checkbox
    $readonly = empty($checkbox) ? '' : array('readonly' => 'readonly');

    // Text field 1 (conditionally readonly)
    woocommerce_wp_text_input( array(
        'id'                => '_text_field_ro1',
        'type'        => 'text',
        'label'       => __( 'Read only field 1', 'woocommerce' ),
        'placeholder' => __( 'placeholder text 1', 'woocommerce' ),
        'description' => __( 'Custom description 1: your explanations.', 'woocommerce' ),
        'desc_tip'    => true,
        'custom_attributes' => $readonly, // Enabling read only
    ) );

    // Text field 2 (conditionally readonly)
    woocommerce_wp_text_input( array(
        'id'                => '_text_field_ro2',
        'type'        => 'text',
        'label'       => __( 'Read only field 2', 'woocommerce' ),
        'placeholder' => __( 'placeholder text 2', 'woocommerce' ),
        'description' => __( 'Custom description 2: your explanations.', 'woocommerce' ),
        'desc_tip'    => true,
        'custom_attributes' => $readonly, // Enabling read only
    ) );
}

add_action( 'woocommerce_process_product_meta', 'save_product_custom_fields' );
function save_product_custom_fields( $post_id ) {
    // 1. readonly checkbox
    $readonly = isset( $_POST['_enable_readonly'] ) ? esc_attr( $_POST['_enable_readonly'] ) : '';
    update_post_meta( $post_id, '_enable_readonly', $readonly );

    // 2. Readonly fields: allow saving when readonly is disabled
    if( ! isset( $_POST['_enable_readonly'] ) ){
        // Save text field 1 value
        if( isset( $_POST['_text_field_ro1'] ) ){
            update_post_meta( $post_id, '_text_field_ro1', sanitize_text_field( $_POST['_text_field_ro1'] ) );
        }
        // Save text field 2 value
        if( isset( $_POST['_text_field_ro2'] ) ){
            update_post_meta( $post_id, '_text_field_ro2', sanitize_text_field( $_POST['_text_field_ro2'] ) );
        }
    }
}

Code goes in function.php file of your active child theme (or active theme). Tested and works.

Checkbox is disabled (fields are not readonly):

Checkbox is enabled (fields are readonly):