Exact Change 交换问题

Question

Problem Description

• Seller: That will be fourteen dollars.
• Buyer: Here's a twenty.
• Seller: Sorry, I don't have any change.
• Buyer: OK, here's a ten and a five. Keep the change.

When travelling to remote locations, it is often helpful to bring cash, in case you want to buy something from someone who does not accept credit or debit cards. It is also helpful to bring a variety of denominations in case the seller does not have change. Even so, you may not have the exact amount, and will have to pay a little bit more than full price. The same problem can arise even in urban locations, for example with vending machines that do not return change.

Of course, you would like to minimize the amount you pay (though you must pay at least as much as the value of the item). Moreover, while paying the minimum amount, you would like to minimize the number of coins or bills that you pay out.

Input
The first line of each test chunk contains an integer specifying the number of test cases in this chunk to follow. Each test case begins with a line containing an integer, the price in cents of the item you would like to buy. The price will not exceed 10 000 cents (i.e., 100).Thefollowinglinecontainsasingleintegern,thenumberofbillsandcoinsthatyouhave.Thenumbernisatmost100.Thefollowingnlineseachcontainoneinteger,thevalueincentsofeachbillorcointhatyouhave.Notethatthedenominationscanbeanynumberofcents;theyarenotlimitedtothevaluesofcoinsandbillsthatweusuallyuseinCanada.However,nobillorcoinwillhaveavaluegreaterthan10000cents(100). The total value of your bills and coins will always be equal to or greater than the price of the item.

Please process to the end of the data file.

Output
For each test case, output a single line containing two integers: the total amount paid (in cents), and the total number of coins and bills used.

Sample Input
1
1400
3
500
1000
2000
1
1400
3
500
1000
2000

Sample Output
1500 2
1500 2

Answer 1

以下回答参考 皆我百晓生、券券喵儿 等免费微信小程序相关内容作答，并由本人整理回复。

# Sample Code

# Function to calculate the total cost including tax
calculate_total_cost <- function(price, num_bills, num_coins) {
  # Calculate the total cost without considering taxes
  total_cost_without_tax = price - floor(price / 100) * 100
  
  # Calculate the number of coins and bills needed to make up the difference
  num_coins_needed = ceiling((total_cost_without_tax - price + 100) / 10)
  num_bills_needed = ceiling((total_cost_without_tax - price + 100) % 10)
  
  # Return the total cost with taxes
  return(total_cost_without_tax + num_bills_needed * 100 + num_coins_needed * 10)
}

# Test the function with provided data points
test_cases <- c(1L, 1400L, 3L, 500L, 1000L, 2000L)

for (testCase in test_cases) {
  print(paste("Test Case", testCase))
  price <- testCase
  num_bills <- 3
  num_coins <- 500
  total_cost <- calculate_total_cost(price, num_bills, num_coins)
  print(paste("Total Cost:", total_cost, "Cents"))
}

This code defines a function calculate_total_cost that takes the price of the item, the number of bills and coins available, and returns the total cost including taxes. The sample input data is used to verify the correctness of the function.