Python3.12安装mysql模块提示错误

Question

windows11系统，原来安装了Python3.11.4并且安装了mysql模块，但是添加安装了Python3.12后（Python3.11.4未卸载），无法安装mysql模块，系统提示如下：
请问如何解决？

PS C:\Users\PC> pip install mysql
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting mysql
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/9a/52/8d29c58f6ae448a72fbc612955bd31accb930ca479a7ba7197f4ae4edec2/mysql-0.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (1.2 kB)
Collecting mysqlclient (from mysql)
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/de/9c/b176826e8994551ce826404dab97e305a4bb76c8b0a4e016fabda2901c71/mysqlclient-2.2.0.tar.gz (89 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient
  Building wheel for mysqlclient (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Building wheel for mysqlclient (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [46 lines of output]
      # Options for building extention module:
        library_dirs: ['C:/mariadb-connector\\lib\\mariadb', 'C:/mariadb-connector\\lib']
        libraries: ['kernel32', 'advapi32', 'wsock32', 'shlwapi', 'Ws2_32', 'crypt32', 'secur32', 'bcrypt', 'mariadbclient']
        extra_link_args: ['/MANIFEST']
        include_dirs: ['C:/mariadb-connector\\include\\mariadb', 'C:/mariadb-connector\\include']
        extra_objects: []
        define_macros: [('version_info', (2, 2, 0, 'final', 0)), ('__version__', '2.2.0')]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb
      copying src\MySQLdb\connections.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb
      copying src\MySQLdb\converters.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb
      copying src\MySQLdb\cursors.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb
      copying src\MySQLdb\release.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb
      copying src\MySQLdb\times.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb
      copying src\MySQLdb\_exceptions.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb
      copying src\MySQLdb\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb\constants
      copying src\MySQLdb\constants\CLIENT.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb\constants
      copying src\MySQLdb\constants\CR.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb\constants
      copying src\MySQLdb\constants\ER.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb\constants
      copying src\MySQLdb\constants\FIELD_TYPE.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb\constants
      copying src\MySQLdb\constants\FLAG.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb\constants
      copying src\MySQLdb\constants\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb\constants
      running egg_info
      writing src\mysqlclient.egg-info\PKG-INFO
      writing dependency_links to src\mysqlclient.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
      writing top-level names to src\mysqlclient.egg-info\top_level.txt
      reading manifest file 'src\mysqlclient.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
      reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
      adding license file 'LICENSE'
      writing manifest file 'src\mysqlclient.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
      copying src\MySQLdb\_mysql.c -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\MySQLdb
      running build_ext
      building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-312
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-312\Release
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-312\Release\src
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-312\Release\src\MySQLdb
      "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD "-Dversion_info=(2, 2, 0, 'final', 0)" -D__version__=2.2.0 -IC:/mariadb-connector\include\mariadb -IC:/mariadb-connector\include -IC:\Users\PC\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\include -IC:\Users\PC\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\cppwinrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\include\um" /Tcsrc/MySQLdb/_mysql.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-312\Release\src/MySQLdb/_mysql.obj
      _mysql.c
      src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c(29): fatal error C1083: 无法打开包括文件: “mysql.h”: No such file or directory
      error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.38.33130\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
Failed to build mysqlclient
ERROR: Could not build wheels for mysqlclient, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

Answer 1

此回答使用Brad，Bard 显示的信息（包括与人相关的信息）不一定准确，请注意核查。
你遇到的问题是 pip 在安装 mysql 模块时遇到错误，原因是找不到 mysql.h 头文件。

原因分析:

1. 缺少 mysql-devel 包: pip 尝试编译 mysqlclient 模块时需要 mysql-devel 包提供的 mysql.h 头文件，但你的系统上可能没有安装这个包。
2. 环境变量设置错误: pip 可能无法找到 mysql.h 头文件，因为环境变量 INCLUDE 没有正确设置。

解决方法:

1. 安装 mysql-devel 包:

   • 对于 Ubuntu/Debian 系统: sudo apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
   • 对于 CentOS/RHEL 系统: sudo yum install mysql-devel
   • 对于 Windows 系统: 下载并安装 MySQL Connector/C。

2. 设置环境变量:

   • 打开系统环境变量设置。
   • 在系统环境变量中找到 Path 变量。
   • 添加 C:\mariadb-connector\include 和 C:\mariadb-connector\lib 到 Path 变量中。
   • 重新打开命令提示符或终端。

3. 尝试再次安装 mysql 模块:

pip install mysql

其他可能的原因:

• MySQL Connector/C 安装路径不正确: 确保你安装了 MySQL Connector/C，并且 pip 可以找到它的头文件和库文件。
• 缺少编译工具: 确保你的系统上安装了 C 编译器和相关工具。

建议:

• 如果你不熟悉环境变量设置，可以使用 virtualenv 或 venv 创建虚拟环境，并在这个环境中安装 mysql 模块。
• 你还可以尝试使用预编译的 mysqlclient 轮子文件，这样就不需要编译模块了。

请注意:

• 如果你是第一次使用 pip 安装 mysql 模块，可能会出现一些错误提示。
• 你可能需要根据你的系统环境和安装的软件进行一些调整。

希望这些信息能帮助你解决问题。