AttributeError: module 'numpy' has no attribute 'bool'.

Question

安装了seiscloud库以后执行命令出现以下报错：

/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/scipy/io/matlab/mio5.py:98: FutureWarning: In the future `np.bool` will be defined as the corresponding NumPy scalar.
  from .mio5_utils import VarReader5
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/seiscloud", line 11, in <module>
    load_entry_point('seiscloud==0.1', 'console_scripts', 'seiscloud')()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 490, in load_entry_point
    return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2854, in load_entry_point
    return ep.load()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2445, in load
    return self.resolve()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2451, in resolve
    module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/seiscloud/apps/seiscloud.py", line 15, in <module>
    from seiscloud import plot as scplot
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/seiscloud/plot.py", line 9, in <module>
    from pyrocko import model, gmtpy
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/pyrocko/gmtpy.py", line 12, in <module>
    from pyrocko.plot.gmtpy import *
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/pyrocko/plot/gmtpy.py", line 30, in <module>
    from scipy.io import netcdf_file
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/scipy/io/__init__.py", line 97, in <module>
    from .matlab import loadmat, savemat, whosmat, byteordercodes
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/scipy/io/matlab/__init__.py", line 13, in <module>
    from .mio import loadmat, savemat, whosmat
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/scipy/io/matlab/mio.py", line 12, in <module>
    from .mio5 import MatFile5Reader, MatFile5Writer
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/scipy/io/matlab/mio5.py", line 98, in <module>
    from .mio5_utils import VarReader5
  File "mio5_utils.pyx", line 112, in init scipy.io.matlab.mio5_utils
  File "/home/u/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py", line 305, in __getattr__
    raise AttributeError(__former_attrs__[attr])
AttributeError: module 'numpy' has no attribute 'bool'.
`np.bool` was a deprecated alias for the builtin `bool`. To avoid this error in existing code, use `bool` by itself. Doing this will not modify any behavior and is safe. If you specifically wanted the numpy scalar type, use `np.bool_` here.
The aliases was originally deprecated in NumPy 1.20; for more details and guidance see the original release note at:
    https://numpy.org/devdocs/release/1.20.0-notes.html#deprecations

但是在报错里也没显示哪个文件里用了bool。
尝试降低numpy版本到1.19又发生报错：

Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [63 lines of output]
      Running from numpy source directory.
      <string>:460: UserWarning: Unrecognized setuptools command, proceeding with generating Cython sources and expanding templates
      /tmp/pip-install-7any6yby/numpy_dccdaf7812c84686bb2ce57cac55fedc/tools/cythonize.py:73: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.
        required_version = LooseVersion('0.29.14')
      /tmp/pip-install-7any6yby/numpy_dccdaf7812c84686bb2ce57cac55fedc/tools/cythonize.py:75: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.
        if LooseVersion(cython_version) < required_version:
      performance hint: _generator.pyx:706:41: Exception check after calling '_shuffle_int' will always require the GIL to be acquired.
      Possible solutions:
          1. Declare '_shuffle_int' as 'noexcept' if you control the definition and you're sure you don't want the function to raise exceptions.
          2. Use an 'int' return type on '_shuffle_int' to allow an error code to be returned.
      performance hint: _generator.pyx:735:45: Exception check after calling '_shuffle_int' will always require the GIL to be acquired.
      Possible solutions:
          1. Declare '_shuffle_int' as 'noexcept' if you control the definition and you're sure you don't want the function to raise exceptions.
          2. Use an 'int' return type on '_shuffle_int' to allow an error code to be returned.
      
      Error compiling Cython file:
      ------------------------------------------------------------
      ...
              for i in range(1, RK_STATE_LEN):
                  self.rng_state.key[i] = val[i]
              self.rng_state.pos = i
      
              self._bitgen.state = &self.rng_state
              self._bitgen.next_uint64 = &mt19937_uint64
                                         ^
      ------------------------------------------------------------
      
      _mt19937.pyx:138:35: Cannot assign type 'uint64_t (*)(void *) except? -1 nogil' to 'uint64_t (*)(void *) noexcept nogil'. Exception values are incompatible. Suggest adding 'noexcept' to the type of the value being assigned.
      Processing numpy/random/_bounded_integers.pxd.in
      Processing numpy/random/_generator.pyx
      Processing numpy/random/_mt19937.pyx
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/tmp/pip-install-7any6yby/numpy_dccdaf7812c84686bb2ce57cac55fedc/tools/cythonize.py", line 235, in <module>
          main()
        File "/tmp/pip-install-7any6yby/numpy_dccdaf7812c84686bb2ce57cac55fedc/tools/cythonize.py", line 231, in main
          find_process_files(root_dir)
        File "/tmp/pip-install-7any6yby/numpy_dccdaf7812c84686bb2ce57cac55fedc/tools/cythonize.py", line 222, in find_process_files
          process(root_dir, fromfile, tofile, function, hash_db)
        File "/tmp/pip-install-7any6yby/numpy_dccdaf7812c84686bb2ce57cac55fedc/tools/cythonize.py", line 188, in process
          processor_function(fromfile, tofile)
        File "/tmp/pip-install-7any6yby/numpy_dccdaf7812c84686bb2ce57cac55fedc/tools/cythonize.py", line 77, in process_pyx
          subprocess.check_call(
        File "/home/u/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/subprocess.py", line 369, in check_call
          raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
      subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['/home/u/anaconda3/bin/python', '-m', 'cython', '-3', '--fast-fail', '-o', '_mt19937.c', '_mt19937.pyx']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Cythonizing sources
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/home/u/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "/home/u/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
        File "/home/u/anaconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 149, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
          return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-c1alnbo9/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 366, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
          self.run_setup()
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-c1alnbo9/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 487, in run_setup
          super().run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-c1alnbo9/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 311, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 489, in <module>
        File "<string>", line 469, in setup_package
        File "<string>", line 274, in generate_cython
      RuntimeError: Running cythonize failed!
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed

× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.

Answer 1

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看起来你在尝试运行SeisCloud这个软件时遇到了一些与NumPy版本兼容性相关的问题。首先，让我们解决NumPy中的错误，然后处理降低NumPy版本后遇到的问题。

针对第一个错误，这是由于NumPy在1.20版本开始弃用np.bool，建议使用标准Python内置类型bool。要解决这个问题，你需要找到引发此错误的具体代码行。通常，这样的错误是因为某个地方意外地使用了np.bool而不是bool。然而，由于报错信息没有提供具体的文件和行号，我们可以采取以下步骤来定位问题：

1. 首先，检查seiscloud及其依赖项（特别是pyrocko和scipy）的更新日志，看看是否有提到对NumPy新特性的使用。
2. 如果更新日志没有明确说明，你可以逐个排查seiscloud、pyrocko和scipy的源码，查找所有使用np.bool的地方，并将其替换为bool。

对于第二个错误，当您试图降级到NumPy 1.19时，出现了Cython编译失败的问题。这可能是由于您的环境配置不正确，或者是某些依赖项之间的冲突。尝试以下方法来解决这个问题：

1. 确保您的系统上已经安装了Cython：pip install cython
2. 清除旧的构建缓存：rm -rf build dist *.egg-info
3. 在干净的环境中尝试安装NumPy 1.19：pip install numpy==1.19.5 --no-cache-dir
4. 如果上述步骤仍然失败，可能需要检查您的Conda环境设置是否正确，以及是否有其他软件包干扰了Cython的编译过程。

如果你无法手动解决这些问题，可以考虑使用一个预先配置好的虚拟环境，例如Anaconda的环境管理器创建一个新的环境，确保所有的依赖都已正确安装并兼容。具体步骤如下：

1. 创建一个新的Conda环境：`conda create -n seiscloud_env python=3.8 numpy=1.19.5 scipy seisc